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Prevention
Preventive measures which aim at reducing the frequency / intensity and impact of floods can be classified as Structural and Non-structural measures.
Structural Measures include
- Dams and Reservoirs
- Detention Basins
- Embankments
- Channel improvement
Non-structural measures include
- Flood plain management such as flood plain zoning
- Flood forecasting and warning
- Disaster management
- Flood fighting including Public Health Measures
- Flood insurance
The most common structural measure in use to counter floods in the region is embankments. Altogether more than 3732 km embankments exist along different rivers in Bihar. In the focus area main rivers are mostly embanked. River Burhi-Gandak is embanked except in the upper reaches. Bagmati is embanked from
Indo-Nepal near Dheng bridge to Runnisaidpur and then from Hayaghat to Badalaghat.
On right side and from Hayaghat to Phuhia on left side. Adhwara Khiroi, an important tributary of Bagmati is also embanked. Darbhanga-Bagmati is embanked on left bank in the vicinity of Darbhanga town. Kamala is embanked up to Darjiya
which is now extended upto Phuhia. River Kosi is also embanked on both sides. These embankments have seized the wide range migrations of rivers. However, these embankments have some gaps which reduce its effectiveness.
The area has a number of depressions locally called Chaurs. These Chaurs naturally act as detention basins. It is supposed that the Chaurs absorb a considerable amount of water of the first flood of the season. No man made detention basins or improvement in the natural Chaurs to enhance their utility is learnt to be in practice. Channel improvement is also not a usual practice.
Flood forecasting for certain points along rivers are being done by CWC since long. Those forecasts have been used by the concerned departments for issuing warning when required. Improved flood forecasting with increased lead time and accuracy is one of the main objectives of FMIS, Bihar.
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